That Doesn't Follow invites extensive inquiry into the marketplace of ideas. Based on my reading, below are some recommendations. This list is explicitly associated with the topics explored in the blog. Bolded titles are those that have been particularly influential in my thinking. The list is by no means exhaustive, and is definitely a work in progress - so many books, so little time.
Emergence
Mark Bedau, Paul Humphreys - Emergence: Contemporary Readings in Philosophy and Science
Stuart Kauffman - At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity
C. Lloyd Morgan - Emergent Evolution
Free Will
Daniel Dennett - Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking
Richard Double - The Non-Reality of Free Will
Ishtiyaque Haji - Reason's Debt to Freedom: Normative Appraisals, Reasons, and Free Will
Ted Honderich - How Free Are You?: The Determinism Problem
Peter van Inwagen - An Essay on Free Will
Derk Pereboom - Living Without Free Will
- Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life
Saul Smilansky - Free Will and Illusion
Galen Strawson - Freedom and Belief
Bruce Waller - Against Moral Responsibility
Meaning
Harry Frankfurt - The Reasons of Love
Iddo Landau - Finding Meaning in an Imperfect World
Susan Wolf - Meaning in Life and Why It Matters
Moral Philosophy
Simon Blackburn - Essays in Quasi-Realism
R. M. Hare - The Language of Morals
Richard Joyce - The Myth of Morality
J. L. Mackie - Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong
Charles Stevenson - Facts and Values: Studies in Ethical Analysis
Philosophy of Mind
David Armstrong - A Materialist Theory of Mind
David Chalmers - The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory
Jennifer Hornsby - Simple Mindedness: In Defense of Naive Naturalism in the Philosophy of Mind
Jaegwon Kim - Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and Mental Causation
John McDowell - Mind and World
Philosophy of Science
Anjan Chakravartty - Scientific Ontology
Thomas Kuhn - The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
James Ladyman - Every Thing Must Go
Stathis Psillos - Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth
The Self
Quassim Cassam - Self and World
Sydney Shoemaker - Personal Identity
Paul Snowdon - Persons, Animals, Ourselves